区域地下水污染调查取样点布设量化分配方法
Quantitative sample distribution in regional groundwater contamination investigation
-
摘要: 在区域尺度、有限样品的地下水污染调查中,密度控制可以计算区域总样品数量,但取样点布设应综合考虑地质环境、人类活动等方面的差异性。 目前,样点布设主要依赖技术人员经验,存在较强的不确定性,如何科学布设取样点是需要解决的一个科学问题。针对这个问题,文章基于实际工作创建了“区域预分配、单元再优选”的解决方法。在区域上,基于层次分析法构建量化分配模型,以背景控制因素和潜在污染因素建立分配因子组合,运用指数标度量化定性因子、标度函数计算定量因子,通过矩阵运算获取每个分配单元的样品预分配数量;在单元内,按照分段控制、条件优选的方法提高取样点针对性和代表性。利用构建的分配方法,以拉萨河流域地下水水质调查为案例进行了取样点布设分配应用,确定了各单元样品分配数量。结果表明:考虑背景控制和潜在污染的层次分析模型及量化计算平衡了拉萨河流域不同分配单元对样品的实际需求,解决了城关区面积小样品需求多、当雄县面积大样品需求少等问题;分段控制、条件优选的方法明确了分配单元内取样点选择依据。本方法的构建为地下水污染调查取样点布设提供了必要的方法支撑。Abstract: In the investigation of groundwater pollution of regional scale and limited sample, sampling point distribution should according to the difference of geological environment and human activities et., although the density control can calculate the total number of samples.At present, the issue of uncertainty exist in sample distribution, because it mainly based on the experience of technicians. Scientific choice sampling point is a scientific problem we need to solve.A solution is proposed to solove this problem,based on practical work.The solution mainly contains two aspects:regional pre-distribution and unit re-optimization. A pre-distribution method is based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and a unit re-optimization method depend on hydrogeological condition.The distribution factor combination of the background and pollution potential aspects is proposed, and the scaling method of qualitative and quantitative factors are recommended. Taking the Lhasa river basin groundwater quality survey as an example, the solution is used to calculate and allocation samples in region and choose samples in each unit. The results show the hierarchical analysis model and quantification method can satisfy the actual needs of each unit in Lhasa River Basin, such as the contradiction of area and population between Chengguan district and Dangxiong county. Segmental control and condition optimization provide basis for the selection of sampling points. This study provide a method for sample quantitative distribution in regional groundwater pollution investigation.
-
Keywords:
- analytical hierarchy process /
- groundwater /
- water quality /
- pollution /
- sampling point distribution
-
-
[1] [1]BITHIN D,DIBAKAR C,ANIRBAN D.Identification of unknown groundwater pollution sources using classical optimization with linked simulation[J]. Journal of Hydro-environment Research,2011,5(1): 25-36.
[2] [2]YUN B L,YU P L,CHEN W L,et al.Mapping of spatial multi-scale sources of arsenic variation in groundwater on ChiaNan floodplain of Taiwan[J].Science of the Total Environment,2006,370(1): 168-181.
[3] [3]DOONG R A,LEE S H,LEE C C,et al.Characterization and composition of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants in water and estuarine sediments from Gao-ping River,Taiwan[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2008,57(6/12): 846-857.
[4] [4]蔡五田.浅论地下水污染源强[J].水文地质工程地质,2015,42 (6): 126-130. [CAI W T. On source intensity of groundwater contamination[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2015,42 (6):126-130.(in Chinese)]
[5] [5]姜光辉,李红春,郭芳.地下水污染场地水质空间相关性分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2017,44(2):137 ~143. [JIANG G H, LI H C,GUO F. Spatial variability of multi-tracers in groundwater contamination sites[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2017,44(2):137-143. (in Chinese)]
[6] [6]李志红,王广才,康飞,等.基于水化学和同位素特征的新乡某地下水污染场地水文地质概念模型细化[J].水文地质工程地质,2017,44(2):57-62. [LI Z H,WANG G C,KANG F, et al.Boundary refine of hydrogeological conceptional model of a groundwater contaminated site in Xinxiang city based on the hydrochemistry and isotope evidence[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2017,44(2):57-62. (in Chinese)]
[7] [7]骆乾坤,吴剑锋,林锦,等.地下水污染监测网多目标优化设计模型及进化求解[J].水文地质工程地质,2013,40 (5): 97-103. [LUO Q K, WU J F, LIN J, et al.An evolutionary based multi-objective optimization model for groundwater monitoring network design[J].Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2013,40(5): 97-103. (in Chinese)]
[8] [8]李玮,王明玉,刘丽雅,等.地下水污染控制修复技术研究趋势及热点分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2015,42(2):120-131. [LI W,WANG M Y,LIU L Y, et al.Development and hotspots on technologies for groundwater pollution control and remediation[J].Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2015,42(2):120-131. (in Chinese)]
[9] [9]蔡五田,张敏,刘雪松,等.论场地土壤和地下水污染调查与风险评价的程序和内容[J].水文地质工程地质,2011,38(6):125-134. [CAI W T,ZHANG M,LIU X S, et al.On procedure and contents of investigation and risk assessment with regard to site soil and groundwater contamination[J].Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2011,38(6):125-134. (in Chinese)]
[10] [10]于勇,翟远,郭永丽,等.基于不确定性的地下水污染风险评价研究进展[J].水文地质工程地质,2013,40(1):115-123. [YU Y,ZHAI Y Z,GUO Y L, et al.Risk assessment of groundwater pollution based on uncertainty[J].Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2013,40(1):115-123. (in Chinese)]
[11] [11]国土资源部. 区域地下水污染调查评价规范:DZ/T 0288-2015[S].北京:地质出版社, 2015. [Ministry of Land and Resources. Standard for investigation and evaluation of regional groundwater pollution:DZ/T 0288-2015[S]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2015.(in Chinese)]
[12] [12]DE SIMONE L A,MC MAHON P B, ROSEN M R. Water Quality in Principal Aquifers of the United States,1991—2010:Circular 1360[R].Virginia: United States Geological Survey,2014.
[13] [13]陈平,李文攀,刘廷良.日本地下水环境质量标准及监测方法[J].中国环境监测,2011,27(6):59-63. [CHEN P,LI W P,LIU T L. Monitoring standards and monitoring methods of the ground water in Japan[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China,2011,27(6):59-63. (in Chinese)]
[14] [14]蔡五田,吕永高,刘江涛,等.1∶5万冲洪积扇含水层水质调查方法探讨[J].中国地质调查,2018,5(4):81-89. [CAI W T,LV Y G,LIU J T, et. al. Discussion on water quality survey method for 1:50 000 alluvial-proluvial fan aquifer survey[J]. Geological Survey of China, 2018,5(4):81-89. (in Chinese)]
[15] [15]文冬光,林良俊,孙继朝,等.中国东部主要平原地下水质量与污染评价[J]. 地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2012,37 (2):220-228. [WEN D G,LIN L J,SUN J C,et al. Groundwater quality and contamination assessment in the main plains of eastern China[J]. Earth Science: Journal of China University of Geoscience Earth Science, 2013,37(2):220-228.(in Chinese)]
[16] [16]王小江,孙书勤,卢鹏飞.层次分析法在重庆某县地质灾害危险性评价中的应用[J].地球与环境,2014,42(3):419-423. [WANG X J,SUN S Q,LU P F. Application of AHP to geological hazards risk assessment in a county,Chongqin[J].Earth and Environment,2014,42(3):419-423.(in Chinese)]
[17] [17]王连芬,许树柏.层次分析法引论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1990. [WANG L F,XU S B. Introduction of the analytical hierarchy process[M]. Beijing: China Renmin University Press,1990.(in Chinese)]
[18] [18]中国系统工程学会层次分析法专业学组.决策科学与层次分析法[M].青岛:青岛海洋大学出版社,1992. [Professional Group of AHP of System Engineering Academy China. Decision science and AHP[M]. Qingdao: Publishing Company of Qingdao Haiyang University,1992. (in Chinese)]
[19] [19]邓雪,李家铭,曾浩健,等.层次分析法权重计算方法分析及其应用研究[J].数学的实践与认识,2012,42(7):93-100. [DENG X,LI J M,ZENG H J,et al. Research on computation methods of AHP weight vector and its applications[J]. Mathematics in Practice and Theory,2012,42(7):93-100. (in Chinese)]
[20] [20]杨永清,许先云. 改进的层次分析法用于矿井安全管理的综合评价[J].系统工程理论与实践,1999,19(6):121-125. [YANG Y Q, XU X Y. The application of improved AHP method in the safety management evaluation for mine[J]. Systems Engineering Theory & Practice,1999,19 (6):121-125.(in Chinese)]
[21] [21]张晨光,吴泽宁.层次分析法(AHP)比例标度的分析与改进[J].郑州工业大学学报,2000,21(2):85-87. [ZHANG C G, WU J N. Improvement and analysis of scale of AHP[J]. Journal of Zhengzhou University of Technology,2000,20(2):85-87. (in Chinese)]
[22] [22]侯岳衡,沈德家.指数标度及其与几种标度的比较[J].系统工程理论与实践,1995,15(10):43-46. [HOU Y H, SHEN D J. Index number scale and comparison with other scales[J].Systems Engineering Theory & Practice,1995,15(10):43-46. (in Chinese)]
计量
- 文章访问数: 761
- HTML全文浏览量: 93
- PDF下载量: 571