承德中部土壤-黄芩系统重金属生物有效性及迁移累积特征

贾凤超; 卫晓锋; 孙厚云; 李多杰; 李健

doi:10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202008059

承德中部土壤-黄芩系统重金属生物有效性及迁移累积特征

Bioaccumulation and translocation characteristics of heavy metals in a soil and Scutellaria baicalensis system in Chengde Central Region

摘要

摘要: 土壤重金属含量是影响黄芩产量和质量的重要因素。选取承德市中部金沟屯和五道岭两处黄芩种植示范区为研究区，采集表层土壤样品355件，黄芩样品30件，重金属形态样品15件。在分析土壤Mn、Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd、As、Pb、Ni、Hg、V、Co、Sb和土壤有机质含量（SOM）及pH值，黄芩Zn、Cu、Cr、Co、Cd、Pb、Ni、Hg和As含量基础上，采用描述性统计、地累积指数、主成分和RDA分析、重金属生物富集系数、生物活性系数和迁移系数等方法论述了土壤-黄芩系统重金属生物有效性及迁移累积特征。结果表明：金沟屯和五道岭区土壤各重金属累积程度总体属无-中度累积水平。五道岭Cu和Hg累积程度高于金沟屯区，其它元素累积程度低于金沟屯区。五道岭区表层土壤Cr、Cu和Cd含量超标率分别为2.82%、1.69%和1.13%；金沟屯区土壤Cd、Cr和Ni，五道岭区土壤Zn和Hg含量超标率均为0.56%。五道岭区黄芩Cu元素含量高于金沟屯区，Co和Cu元素生物富集强度高于金沟屯区，其它元素含量和生物富集强度则均低于金沟屯区。土壤Cd和Hg元素生物活性系数相对最高，Ni、Zn和Pb元素次之，Cu、Cr和As生物活性系数相对较低。金沟屯区根系土具有较低的pH值和较高的SOM含量，区内黄芩根部As、Cd、Cr、Ni、Zn和Pb元素BCF平均值高于五道岭区，Cu元素富集强度低于五道岭区。土壤重金属生物有效性和黄芩重金属生物富集强度受土壤pH和SOM含量影响，其中Cd和Cu元素受SOM含量影响最为明显。

Abstract: The heavy metal content in soil environment have an important impact on the quality and yield of Chinese medicinal plant-scutellaria baicalensis. A total of 355 soil samples,30 scutellaria baicalensis root samples were collected in two Chinese herbal medicine planting demonstration area of Chengde Central Region and analyzed for Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, Cd, Pb, Ni, Hg, V, As,Co, Sb, Soil organic matter(SOM)content and speciation of 8 heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Hg, V).The bioaccumulation and translocation characteristics of heavy metals in a soil-scutellaria baicalensis system was investigated based on descriptive statistical analysis, geological accumulative index, bioconcentration factors and migration factor combing with principal component and redundancy analysis. The results showed that the average accumulation index of surface soil in Jingoutun and Wudaoling area was generally categorized as no accumulation or moderate accumulation.The accumulation of Cu and Hg in the soil of Wudaoling area was higher, while other element lower than that in Jingoutun area.In comparison to China's soil environmental quality standard risk screening values (GB15618-2018), the over-standard rates of Cr、Cu and Cd in Wudaoling area were 2.82%,1.69% and 1.13%, and the over-standard rates of Cd, Cr and Ni in Jingoutun area and Zn and Hg content in Wudaoling area were 0.56%. The elemental content of Scutellaria baicalensis in Jingoutun area was higher than that in Wudaoling area expect Cu and the bioconcentration factor of Co and Cu elements in Wudaoling area is higher than that in Jingoutun area. The migration factor of Cd and Hg were relatively higher, and than the average value of Ni, Zn and Pb were relatively lower, while the bioavailability of Cu, Cr and As were the lowest. The Jingoutun area has lower pH value, higher SOM content in root soil and higher average BCF of As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn and Pb in the root of Scutellaria baicalensis than that in Wudaoling area. The soil pH and SOM content have an important impact on the bioavailability, bioaccumulation and translocation characteristics of heavy metals in a soil-scutellaria baicalensis system, while the Cd and Cu bioaccumulation were most affected by soil SOM content.

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