Abstract: In order to reveal the geological causes and patterns of soil erosion in the red soil and hills of the south, and promote the precise management of soil erosion, the relationship between geological background and soil erosion was selected in Changting County, Fujian Province. The results show that rock has a controlling effect on the rate of soil erosion, the degree of intense erosion and the stage of soil erosion development. Terrain slope and site, throsing fissures have an important impact on soil erosion, which is manifested in the weathering shell-soil distribution of different rocky and different terrain sites. It is suggested that Changting County further optimize the layout of soil erosion control according to geological background, preferably water-protected plants and planting methods, and optimize agricultural development projects such as tea orchards.