Abstract: The rough back of a wall causes the deflection of the soil stress direction behind the wall. At present, there are few studies on the influence of the deflection of the soil stress direction on the earth pressure in cohesive soils. For this reason, this paper firstly discusses the deflection law of the principal stress of the soil behind the wall, and adopts a layered formation of curved thin-layer elements along the principal stress trace. By analyzing the force of the curved thin-layer element, the static balance equation of the curved thin-layer element is established, and the formula for the distribution of the earth pressure of the cohesive soil along the wall height in the translational mode is derived, and the new analysis method of the cohesive earth pressure is obtained. Finally, the method in this paper is compared with the actual measurement results and the existing theory and the parameters are analyzed to verify the reliability and rationality of the method in this paper. The research results show that the calculation results considering the effect of wall-soil friction can more accurately reflect the distribution law of cohesive soil along the wall height; the magnitude of earth pressure decreases with the increasing cohesion. With the increase of wall-soil friction angle soil, the pressure resultant force gradually decreases, and the height of the point of application increases slowly.