Abstract: Natural rocks commonly contain void defects. To investigate the mechanical response and energy evolution mechanisms of perfortated rocks under impact loads, dynamic compression simulations were first conducted using the finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA and the Holmquist-Johnson-Cook (HJC) constitutive model. Numerical models featured rock samples containing circular and square holes of varying sizes. Then, the influence of hole geometry (shape and area) on the sample strength, deformation characteristics and crack development pattens were analyzed. Finally, the energy conversion mechanisms during the impact-induced failure for various types of rock samples were elucidated. The results show that the peak stress and elastic modulus of perforated samples are consistently lower than those of intact samples, exhibiting exponential and linear decreases respectively with increasing hole area. Under impact load, perforated samples initiate cracking earlier than intact sample. Sample fragmentation degree correlate positively with hole area. Square hole induce significantly stronger deterioration in mechanical properties than circular hole of equivalent area. Transmitted energy decreases gradually while the dissipated energy increases progressively with larger hole area. Energy consumption density increase linearly for both hole shapes. Hole-induced deterioration is pronounced, with square hole exhibiting stronger effects than circular hole. Energy evolution is closely linked to observed damage patterns. These results provide valuable references for rock engineering construction and disaster prevention/mitigation under dynamic loading conditions.