ISSN 1000-3665 CN 11-2202/P

    大别山花岗岩水土流失区不同修复模式效果评价

    Evaluation of different restoration models in granite soil erosion areas of Dabie Mountains

    • 摘要: 大别山区是我国重点生态功能区,长期存在水土流失、生态系统结构性退化等问题。为解决当地水土流失问题,文章基于大别山区水土流失成因及现状调查,提出通过改变田坎类型、土壤结构及削减冲蚀强度的方法,建立了多修复模式对照试验小区,并对气象、植被、土壤侵蚀与土壤养分等4 项指标进行监测,最终进行水土流失治理效果分析及综合评价。试验结果表明:(1)各修复手段下试验小区呈现效果区别明显,其中在梯田田埂上建石坎的手段对于减轻土壤侵蚀的效果最显著,田面覆盖秸秆也可有效减轻土壤侵蚀,护坡植物在减少水土流失的同时反向促进了植物生长,形成良性循环;(2)建造石坎并种植植物篱(紫花苜蓿和金银花)为综合效益最优修复模式,减少土壤侵蚀量可达6423.5 t/hm2,使植被覆盖度增加了18%、植物根系增加了9个/m2,并产生可观的经济效益。该模式适宜在当地修复治理工程中进行推广应用。研究成果可为我国花岗岩地区水土流失治理工作提供参考和数据支撑。

       

      Abstract: The Dabie Mountain region is a key ecological function zone in China and has long suffered from severe soil erosion and ecosystem structural degradation. To mitigate soil erosion and improve ecosystem stability in this region, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of different ecological restoration measures. Based on the investigation of soil erosion drivers and the current situation in Dabie Mountain area, a multi-restoration mode of control test plot was established, through changing the type of field bank, soil structure, and reducing the erosion intensity method. Meteorological indicators, vegetation indicators, soil erosion indicators, and soil nutrients indicators were monitored, and ultimately the erosion management effect was evaluated comprehensively. The test results show that the effect of each means of restoration in the test area is significant, in which the means of building a rocky bank on the ridge of the terraced field has the most pronounced effect on soil erosion reduction, and the covering of the field surface with straw can effectively reduce soil erosion. The slope protection plants not only decreased erosion but also promoted vegetation growth, forming a positive feedback mechanism. The optimal restoration model is to build a rocky bank and plant a hedge (alfalfa and honeysuckle), which reduced soil erosion by up to 6 423.5 t/hm2, increased the vegetation cover by 18%, and enhanced root density by 9/m2. The restoration mode proposed in this study is suitable for popularization and application in the local restoration and treatment projects, and provides valuable technical guidance and practical support for the soil erosion control in the granite areas of China.

       

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