Abstract: As a cutting-edge technology that integrates the physical world with digital models, digital twin is currently experiencing rapid development and expanding applications. It offers effective solutions for model construction, real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and optimal management of complex systems. The mine system is characterized by complexity, multi-scale, multi-disciplinary intersections, and nonlinearity. The application of digital twin technology can provide a new method for research and practice in the mining field. Based on a systematic review of the fundamental concepts and principles of digital twin, this paper summarizes the development process of concept proposal, development exploration, technology maturity, application popularization, and innovation breakthrough, and reviews the application in the field of earth science. Furthermore, the research progress of digital twin technology in digital mine construction, intelligent mine mining, intelligent mine monitoring, and green mine operation and maintenance is comprehensively reviewed. The key technical challenges, existing difficulties, and future development trends of digital twin applications in mining are also discussed. The application of digital twin technology in the mining field can provide key support for three-dimensional geological modeling of mines, intelligent mining and dispatching, efficient operation and maintenance of equipment, protection of surrounding ecological environment, early warning of secondary geological disasters, and sustainable development decision-making, thereby achieving optimal resource allocation, and improving work efficiency and energy utilization efficiency. This study can further promote the low-consumption, high-efficiency, green, intelligent, and sustainable development of the mining industry.