Abstract: Groundwater geophysics is an important interdisciplinary field at the intersection of hydrogeology and geophysics, playing a pivotal role in groundwater system structure identification, hydrological parameter inversion, and dynamic process monitoring. Based on this special issue, this article outline the primary detection methods, typical application advancements, and frontier development directions in groundwater geophysics. Methods such as electrical resistivity, seismic, electromagnetic, ground-penetrating radar, and nuclear magnetic resonance, each possess unique applicable scales and sensitivities, with multi-method monitoring and petrophysics modeling serving as the core for quantitative interpretation. Based on typical application scenarios, this mini review includes: multiphase flow mechanisms and contaminated site characterization, which reveal the geophysical response patterns of non-aqueous phase contaminants in pores and have developed real-time monitoring and dynamic sampling investigation systems at the site scale; karst and fractured water detection, demonstrating the high-resolution imaging capabilities of multi-source information-constrained inversion and time-lapse resistivity techniques under complex cover layers environment; seawater intrusion and dam leakage monitoring, highlighting the application of high-precision forward modeling and moisture content spatiotemporal imaging in identifying engineering hazards; and seismic-groundwater interaction, elucidating the feedback mechanisms between fluids and seismic activity from a multi-field coupling perspective. Current challenges include high-resolution detection, petrophysics model applicability, 4D inversion stability, and multi-source data integration. Future efforts should prioritize the development of high-resolution detection equipment, quantitative petrophysics models, time-lapse monitoring technologies, joint inversion frameworks, and AI-integrated methodologies.