Abstract: Groundwater geophysics is a crucial interdisciplinary field connecting hydrogeology and geophysics, playing a pivotal role in aquifer structure identification, hydrological parameter inversion, and dynamic process monitoring. This paper reviews its primary methods, application advancements, and development directions based on techniques such as resistivity, seismic, electromagnetic, ground-penetrating radar, and nuclear magnetic resonance. These technologies each possess typical scales and sensitivities, with multi-method joint monitoring and petrophysics modeling serving as the core for quantitative interpretation. Current research has expanded from single-method structural identification to dynamic monitoring and process quantification under joint constraints, emphasizing the establishment of petrophysics relationship between geophysical and aquifer parameters to deepen understanding of aquifer heterogeneity, fluid transport, and multi-field coupling mechanisms. High-resolution detection in complex surface environments, data consistency in time-lapse monitoring, and non-uniqueness remain major challenges. Overcoming these bottlenecks requires advancements in signal enhancement technologies, better petrophysics models, and multi-field joint inversion frameworks to achieve a leap from qualitative interpretation to quantitative characterization. Future efforts should prioritize the development of high-resolution detection equipment, quantitative petrophysics models, time-lapse monitoring technologies, joint inversion frameworks, and AI-integrated methods.