Abstract: Arsenic is widely found in water environments,such as geogenic high arsenic groundwater,ocean water,mining water,hot spring,alkaline-saline lakes.Many studies indicate that microbial activity play an important role on mobilization and transformation of arsenic in the waters.Based on the knowledge of many related references,this paper reviewed characteristics of arsenic-resistant microbes,effects of microbial activity on arsenic transformation,and mechanisms of as metabolization in microbes,which would provide a good inspiration in revealing microbial effects on arsenic mobilization in groundwater.