Abstract: This paper involves the hazard of geological defects,addresses the progress of shallow three-component seismic prospecting and its application in geological hazard investigation of highways.Through practical examples and the effect of application in highway geological hazard investigation,the three-component seismic prospecting technique is proved a modernized prospecting technique and becomes a part of systemic project of geological hazard control.It will play a very important role in geological hazard investigation.With its prominent characteristics such as fast,comprehensive,accurate and economical,the shallow three-component seismic prospecting in many areas especially in sensitive areas can reach non-destructive exploration and supply scientific proof for construction project of geological hazard control.