Relying on science and technological innovation: Israel’s experience of overcoming water shortage

Israel is located in the Middle East. Due to it’s geographical position and low-amount and uneven-distributed precipitation, Israel is short of natural fresh water resources. National government has developed innovative technologies in producing, transporting and recycling water resources to solve its water shortage crisis. After several-year efforts, Israel has changed from a country with water scarcity to an agricultural country with highly-effective use of water resources. Israel is even called as the ‘Vegetable Basket for European countries’. This paper firstly introduces Israel’s geography and climate condition, as well as it’s water type, then introduces the utilization structure of water resources, and finally introduces six scientific and technological innovations used to prevent water crisis. This paper aims to share experience of effective use and management of water resources and to provide references for international cooperation and academic study.