Numerical simulation analyses of artificial upper table and residual thawed layer for embankment of Qinghai-Tibet Railway in the permafrost region

An actual temperature field is regard as the initial temperature field.The corresponding physical parameters are obtained through inversion of the finite element method with measured temperature data.The reliability of calculation results can be confirmed by measured data.This method is used to numerically simulate and analyze the artificial upper tables and residual thawed layers of four actual cross sections of the embankments with three kinds of structural styles in the Qingshuihe test segmen...