Artificial soil sample preparation for non-linear failure test and influence on Rankine passive earth pressure

The direct shear test is employed to study the non-linear failure criterion of soil and the Rankine passive earth pressure nonlinear formula is given by using adaptive step Simpson integration.Then this formula is compared with the Rankine passive earth pressure formula based on linear Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion.The results show that adopting the Mohr-Coulomb linear failure criterion can provide a higher 35%-40% passive earth pressure value,and causing insecurity factor in real project.At la...